Warning! Threading in a Multiprocessor World
Many authors advocate the double-checked locking idiom to access a Singleton object in an intuitively thread-safe way. Unfortunately, for counterintuitive reasons, double-checked locking doesn't work in Java. (February, 2001)
Double-Checked Locking: Clever, but Broken
Though many Java books and articles recommend double-checked locking, unfortunately, it is not guaranteed to work in Java. (February, 2001)
Can Double-Checked Locking be Fixed?
In this article, Brian Goetz looks at some of the commonly proposed fixes and shows how each of them fails to render the DCL idiom thread-safe under the Java Memory Model. (May, 2001)
Threads 101
Explains from the ground up how to get threads work correctly. (Chuck Allison) (June, 2001)
Avoid Synchronization Deadlocks
Explains how to apply consistent rules for acquiring multiple locks simultaneously, to reduce the likelihood of synchronization deadlocks. (October, 2001)
Can ThreadLocal Solve the Double-checked Locking Problem?
Explains how to fix the double-checked locking idiom by using thread-local variables and takes a look at its performance. (November, 2001)
Singletons with Needles and Thread
Presents two approaches to creating thread-safe singletons. (January 25, 2002)
Ease Your Multithreaded Application Programming
Takes a look at one of the most-used constructs in multithreaded programming: the producer-consumer scenario. Also shows a Consumer class which facilitates code reuse and simplifies debugging and maintenance in some multithreaded applications. (February, 2002)
Double-checked Locking and the Singleton Pattern
Examines the roots of the double-checked locking idiom, why it was developed, and why it doesn't work. (May, 2002)
Safe construction techniques
Concurrent programming in Java applications is more complicated than it looks: there are several subtle (and not so subtle) ways to create data races and other concurrency hazards in Java programs. In this article, Brian Goetz looks at a common threading hazard: allowing the this reference to escape during construction. (June, 2002)
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